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In 1989 the United States joined Europe at the Berne Convention, where it was decided that registration for copyright will no longer be needed - all works of a fixed, creative manner are copyrighted automatically. Thus, the Copyright logo © is not needed (and sometimes not used) on items that do have copyright.
Copyright is automatically granted at the time a new work is created, including works of literature, music, photography and images, and other creative works. Registration or attaching a copyright notice to a work is not required.